Blog Question

I understand that the periodic table is used to organize elements. It organizes elements by their characterists; Such as atomic number or if the element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalliod. I am also aware of the fact that the periodic tables using chemical symbols to represent the names of all the elements shown on the table.

Homework

13. a) row- periods
      b) column- group/ family

14. Alkali metal family:  K (Potassium) & Na (Sodium)

15. a. Found in column 18.
      b. They are inert gasses
      c. They are unreactive (chemically inert)

16. a)  MgF
      b) GaP

17. P- 68⁰C

18. I thought it would be lower because it weighs less than iodine and it has a stronger attraction.

19.
C- 6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
N- 7 protons, 7 neutrons, 7 electrons
Ca- 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 20 electrons
Pt- 78 protons, 117 neutrons, 78 electrons
U- 92 electrons, 146 neutrons, 92 electrons

20. a) Be- 4 protons, 5 neutrons, 4 electrons
      b) N-  7 protons, 7 neutrons, 7 electrons
      c) Ne- 10 protons, 10 neutrons, 10 electrons

21. The atom must have lost two electrons to give it a charge of 2+.

22. a) Carbon 12.01
          Nitrogen 14.01
          Calcium 40.08
          Platinum 195. 08
          Uranium 238.03

b)The element Carbon has two isotopes because it has the same number of protons, but has the ablility to posses different quantities of neutrons.

23. It is not- we do not know the number of protons, electrons, neutrons, or which characteristics it shares with other elements on the table.

24. An electron has the least mass of the three because it has a negative charge, so it weighs a negative charge or a charge so small that scientist do not detect it.

25. a) 12
      b) 12
      c) 12
      d) 13
      e) 12
      f)14

Blog Question

The difference between metals and non-metals is that they posses many different qualities. Metals are maluable, durable, and have a shiny lust, while non-metals shatter easily and are not shiny. For example, my stove can endure a high amount of heat without breaking, making it durable, while a toothpick is not made out of metal and if it was exposed to heat it would burn.

Homeowrk

1. a- physical property, b- chemical, c-chemical, d- physical
2. a- physical, b- chemical, c- chemical, d- chemical
3. a- chemical, b- chemical, c-physical, d-physical
4. a- physical because it is a color change, b- chemical because it is a trait that is imbeded into the chemical makeup, c- physical because is removes a substance, d- chemical becasue it seperates
5. already included in #4 ^^^
6. mixing ingredients in a bowl- physical, putting cookies in the oven- physical, oven heating up- chemical, cookies baking and rising- chemical
7. a- metal, b- nonmetal, c-nonmetal, d-metal
8. a- metalliod, b-metal, c- nonmetal, d- nonmetal
9. Ai (silicon) & As (arsenic)
10. a- shatter into pieces, b- will flatten without being shattered, c-phosphourous will shatter, d-shatter
11. brittle & do not conduct electricity
12. 1- luster, 2- maluable, 3- increased durability

Blog Question

My favorite thing that I learned from unit 1 was how to work in a lab. Between the 3 labs we did in class, the solubility lab report was my favorite because it was very hands on and I liked seeing the crystalization of the substances I was testing. Learning how to safely conduct a lab, write a lab report, and work with my group members was has been a great experience.

What caused the fish kill?

Scenario 1
Because there was such a high jump in pesticide during September, the pesticide had a chemical reaction with the water and contaminated the water, causing the fish to ingest posionous water and die. In addition, high levels of lead in the water could have caused the fish to die because lead is a heavy metal which is dealthy to ingest for living creatures.


Scenario 2
The jump in nitrate caused the fish kill for scenario 2. Because nitrate is highly toxic, when a large amount of it was in the water the nitrate had a chemical reaction with the water and it stopped the oxygen from being able to dissolve into the water. So, the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water were very low compared to previous months during the year. Without enough oxygen in the water, the fish could die from a lack of oxygen. So, this is probably what led to the fish kill.

Homework # 11

ISDS #1-9, 18-22

1. Hydrologic cycle  

2. Natural water purification process

1. Evaporation and condensation removes most dissolved substances

2. Bacterial action converts dissolved organic chemicals into a few compounds

3. Filtration through sand and gravel removes nearly all suspended matter

3. The properties of aluminum hydroxide are directly tied to the flocculation process. Flocculation gets a hold of the suspended particles and moves them to the bottom of a substance, creating a suspension. 

4. Calcium oxide can be added in the final steps of municipal water treatment  to neutralize the acidic water which will raise the water's pH to a proper level.

5. Fluoride is an ingredient found in toothpaste which reduces tooth decay or rotting.  Approximatley 1 ppm of a fluoride ion can be added to municipal water supplies in the last stage of water treatment through the fluoridation process. 

6. An advantage of drinking chlorinated drinking water compared to untreated water is that chlorine kills diseased microorganisms.

7. A disadvantage to using chlorination in water treatment is that chlorine, when added to water, reacts with organic compounds produced by decomposing animal and plant matter to produce substances that can be harmful to human health.

8. Water from a clear mountain stream may require chlorination to make it safe for humans to drink. This is because the water could possibly be contaiminated with bacteria and heavy metal ions which are unsafe for humans to ingest. 

9. a) charcoal filtration 

   b)the use of ozone.

18. If water evaporation suddenly stopped, the Earth's hydrologic cycle would not be able to continue because there would be no way for the water to get into the clouds to be rained down, and the cycle would end.

19. The hydrologic cycle would also not be able to take place if water could not function as both a solid, liquid, and a gas. 

20. The EPA limits the concentration of THMs in minicipal water to 80 ppb because THM is contains chloroform which may cause cancer, so they need to be careful how much of this substance they are using.

21. The steps in the foul water lab are similar to the natural purification of water because they both purify water through charcoal adsorption, sand filtration, and distillation.

22. 

a) 1 day: 1 ppm

b) 1 week: 7 ppm

c) 1 year: 365 ppm