Homework due monday july 22nd

Page 360 # 1-8

1. The frequency is proportional while the wavelength is inversely proportional.

2. This is definatley a good descriptor because it shows the ranges of energy.

3. Because visible radiation can energize the electrons is chemical bonds which delivers the energy necessary for reactions, this is useful for photosynthesis.

4. A) Infrared, visible, and ultraviolet

B) Infrared radiation warms living things, visible reactions energize electrons, and ultraviolet radiation kills bacteria and destroys viruses.

5.  UV-C photons can break covalent bonds and leads to a chemical change in the materials exposed. In addition, it can also kill bacteria that are harmuful to other living creatures.

6. Infrared reactions can be absorbed by greenhouse gases, which reradiates back to earth. 90% of visible radiation travels to earth’s surface. UV-C radiation is absorbed in the stratosphere before reaching earth’s surface and most UV-A and UV_B radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer.

7. More greenhouse gases cause more infrared radiation, which results in more energy reradiated on earths surface. Therefore, the earth becomes hotter. 

8. 

A) Asphalt warms up more when directly exposed to sunlight because solar radiation makes it reflect and illuminate back into space. Lake water also reflects light, but it absorbs and stores heat as well. 

B) Water acts as a greenhouse gas and absorbs infrared light, but asphalt directly reflects light sources back to space.

Page 361 #14-20

14. Atmospheric CO2 and water vapor help maintain moderate temperatures at Earth's surface because both the hydrologic cycle and the carbon cycle maintain stable concentrations of water and carbon dioxide in the world.

15. a. respiration, fossil fuels, decay, combustion

      b. decomposition product of plant and animal wastes, refining fossil fuels, raising livestock

16. a. The runaway greenhouse effect: as a greenhouse gas, increased water vapor may cause an even greater increase in global temperatures due to adsorption and the real ease of infrared radiation, which cause another upward spiral.
     b. clouds

17. This is because more CO2  is added than can be removed by natural process.

18. a.

b. 

19. Atmospheric CO2 gas, solid calcium carbonate, natural gas and organic molecules are all chemical reservoirs of carbon atoms. 

20. The carbon atom could be part of the atmosphere as a gas as a result of photosynthesis, in the lithosphere as plant or animal waste decay, or part of the hydrosphere as limestone.